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| EUDiacritics | |
| À,Å | |
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| Ć,Ĉ, Ç | |
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| CH,Ĥ, Š | |
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| È,Ł | |
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| Ń,Ñ | |
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| RussianCyrillics | |
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| JapaneseWabun | |
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| ナ | |
| ニ | |
| ヌ | |
| ネ | |
| ノ | |
| ハ | |
| ヒ | |
| フ | |
| ヘ | |
| ホ | |
| マ | |
| ミ | |
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| ヤ | |
| ユ | |
| ヨ | |
| ラ | |
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| ロ | |
| ワ | |
| ヰ | |
| ン | |
| ヱ | |
| ヲ | |
| ゛ | |
| ゜ | |
| ¯ | |
| 、 | |
| 。 | |
| More... | |
Why, only the most coolest, yetmentallychallenging mode of communication on the international air waves!
We'll assume that you're alreadyfamiliar with theconcept of Morse code, but if you need to brush up on it click [here]. Radiotelegraphy, now simply referred to as "CW," had it'srootsin the railroad telegraph days of the 1800s using a system ofelectrical code pulses co-developed by Samuel F.B. Morse. Thefirst decade of radio communications would see the exclusive use ofMorse code by use of spark-gap transmitters. The signalsproducedby these transmitters were not only inefficient but extremely messy astheir noisy "damped waves" would fill the radio spectrum.
Morse code telegraphy is certainly notdead in thepresent day for sure. Though, no longer required by anylicensingagencies, a sizable demographic of the ham radio hobby still enjoyoperating in CW mode. The skill and practice required tomasterthe code denotes intelligence and dedication and hams can be quiteproud of their keys which are often expensive and often handcraftedfrom many of the same material found in fine watches. CWevokes asense of nostalgia but is just as useful and relevant today. The CWsignal is able to pierce the worst atmospheric conditions and poorestpropagation and there are many radio designs for this mode that mosthams can build themselves, even in kit form with just a basicunderstanding of electronics.
If youare NEW to Morse code or still have reservations about learning it -DON'T WORRY - using some of the methods, software and information foundon this page can make your success an easy reality! It's NOTashard to learn as you may think and once you're ready to get on the air,there are thousands of "noobs" like yourself ready to makecontact.
For more information and resources on Morse code Telegraphy, I inviteyou to visit:
Communication Across the Nation -The History of the Telegraph[Thislink was brought to you by Samantha, who was a student in Ms. Smith's10th grade Social Studies class at Brighter Futures Charter School inCalifornia. - Thank you Samantha!]
PARIS - Not justadestination!The Morse code is more aboutsoundand all about timing.Many new to Morse code struggle memorizing and learning tocopyat speeds higher than 5 words per minute. Their failure isduenot because they lack the talent or intelligence to do so but simplybecause the method they used to learn was inherently flawed.Manywaste hourslistening to outdated audio lessons [tapes] and muddle their brainswith mnemonics, flash cards, visual "follow-alongs" and even lookuptree charts which can only serve to add extra unnecessary steps in themental process, at the least,ruining a fresh learner'sprogressand at the worst, permanently impeding the learner's ability toincrease copying speed proficiency.
There's a beauty and symmetry to theMorse codesound. The dash, or "dah" elements are [supposed] to be threetimes that of adot, or "dit" with a dot being defined as 1unit.The intra-element spacing isalso to be 1 unit inlength.The inter-character space is 3 units and the space betweenwordsis to be 7. Thisis only a suggested guidelineand in reality, spacing ends up being left to the discretion of thesender - some having light "weighting," or the proportion induration of the elements, some heavy and others may have a particularstyle, like the "Banana Boat Swing" or "Lake Erie Swing."Good code is only defined by how 'legible' it is to copy andisessentially the 'voice' of the sender, but through their 'fists'.It's all in the sound...
The proper and best way to learn Morse code isby sound!Sound is obviously the core component to [audible] Morsecode.Do you (the new learner) believe that learning the distinctsoundof at least 40 letters, numbers and punctuations will be a dauntingtask? Let me then ask you: When you go outside on asunnyday, stand still and close your eyes, what do you hear? Doyouhear a bird? What kind of birds? Blue jays?Starlings?Maybe the hooting of an owl? Did you hear a nearbycarpassing? Are the tree tops filled with the buzzing ofcicadas?How did you figure out what was what? There aremillions ofsounds in any particular daily experience, yet the human brain caneasily and instantly classify, discriminate and identify about eachone. Surely you can do the same with a simple code!
You only listen to the sound ofparticularcharacter, and thenwrite the character down or mentally picture it. Thats it!Despite the numerous learning methods and money-makingschemesthat have done more harm than good to new hams over the years, thereare a couple that have proved successful to millions. Thepath toproficiency is slow,tedious and repetitive, as they should belike learning any language, but you too will find yourself knowing thecode. The Koch and Farnsworth methods are the twobest implementations for learning.
These methods are really just two sidesof the samecoin and each modern leaning platform uses some variation of them,whereas you start off with one particular character, with the practicecode being sent at a [higher] speed such as 20 wpm, but the spacebetween each character sent is spread out to whatever the learner iscomfortable with, like 5 wpm. Like I described above, thesoundis the easy part. Faster-sent code has more a sound to itbecauseit's often too fast for you to count elements or look up on a mentaltable, which are bad habits you should avoid at all cost.
It'sonly the proficiency to copy that takes the effort. But ONLYafter each particular new character has been mastered with at least 90%accuracy will a new character be added to the practice list.Sessions should be at least 5 minutes long a piece.Onceall [41] of the characters have been mastered then it's time topractice actual words and prosigns which do have their own particularsound profile.
Got HamQuestions? Dave's Got Answers.
Check Out KE0OG's YouTube Channel and
Learn More About CW and More!
Learn it Quick - Master itForever.
If you've come to this page with a newinterest inlearning Morse code and getting on the CW bands then you're in luck!Listed below are links to many of the best tools out thereforlearning and you could be copying code in just one weekend!
Well... That is unrealistic to say andanythinglearned that quickly with no continued practice becomes asoon-forgotten novelty. I do promise that you'll amazeyourselfeven as you master just the first few characters, but this will be anendeavor that you must 'endure to the end' for and honestly put in atleast 15 minutes a day. DON'T worry about sending or learningtouse a key at first. Learning to copy the code is the ultimate priority.
Before you get started,check out these fine articles:
ABeginner's Guide to Making CW Contacts by Jack Wagoner, WB8FSV
LearnMorse Code As A LanguagebyDuane Ausherman, W6REC
As you hear each letter, think and seethe letterin your head. Write it down on scrap paper, type it out onthekeyboard or on your tablet and even say the letter aloud to yourself.Just DON'T move on to the next new character until you gettheones your have down pat [90% or better.]
You must visit LCWO.netASAP! At LCWO you can learn Morse code (CW) anywhere aroundtheglobe online in your browser with no need to install an app or program,and you'll always have your personalsettings available. Plus,youcan also easily track your progress by means of different statisticalfunctions. Learn at your own pace mastering letters, words,callsigns and more. SIGNUP NOW for FREE to log in go to Lessons and learn!
From your PC, you can learn CW and workto 'pro'level with G4FON's Koch Method CW Trainer Version 10.Practicecopying Koch character sequences and increase the challenge level bycustomizing the sound environment to simulate tuning into the 'realthing'. The softwareis FREE and has helped countless hams reach proficiency!
Learn CW and get wicked fast fromANY Android device...
Morse Machine for Ham Radioby Andrea Salvatore, IU4APC, can be downloaded from the Google Play Store or from Amazonfor only $1. A Morse machine is a method by which a list ofcharacters are displayed with some kind of stats or bar graph, whereaswhen the code is played you are timed on how fast you're able to pressthe keyboard key for that character.
As per theKochmethod, only one character at a time is added until you master it.Getting the wrong character will set back your score for that characterso the app will try to work with you to master it. A MorseMachinewill train you to better connect the sound to the character in yourmind as quickly as possible.
Take the W4EEY Morse Code Class Today!
[CLICK HERE] For the 10 Course PlayList
Check Out W4EEY's YouTube Channel
A classroom settingalongsideother hams new to CW may be the most effectivelearning tool for you. Many local radio clubs offer suchclasses, either in person, over a Zoom conference setting or on theair. You'll also find many YouTube Morse code trainingsessions which will definitely be worth the investment of time.
Keys - So many to choose from!
Once you've learned the code you'llwish to sendit, and maybe even try your hand at practicing with others [who areoften very willing] on the air, it will be time to choose the rightkey. A key, for those who are really new, is basically amelectrical switch, even hearkening back to rudimentary 'Steampunk'aesthetic of the 1800's golden age of railroading. There's noneed these days to use a CW key as you can send with your computer ofcourse, but just as with an automobile, motorcycle, firearm, knife orwatch, a fine example of a key will practically 'sing' in your hand andyou'll connect with the code as with any precision instrument.The better the key, the better the feel and even the timing.
Many keys, especially limited editionand custommodels, just like the other items mentioned above, can come with heftyprice tags to go with the heft of their weighted bases. Youmayget what you pay for BUT you certainly don't need an expensive key toenjoy the CW bands! Using my tutorial, you can build afunctionalkey for around $10, although there are many quality keys for purchaseonline which are in the $80 - $150 range.
When a key comes tomind, many will first think of the old single arm straight key like theold brass ones found at railroad telegraph stations of the Old Westdays. Well there are [at the least] four other kinds! Youbasically have two categories of key types including both Hand-Sent and Electronic.The hand-sent varieties include the Straight Key, the Side-Swiper andtheBug.The electronic keys include the Dual-Lever Paddleand the Single-LeverPaddle.There are also other variations including finger tap keys (indual and single) and even capacitive touch-sensitive which consists ofjust two contact studs built into your radio for instance.Here,you can see some of my key anatomy breakdowns. Modelfeatures,materials and actuation methods are as individual as the designer,machinist or homebrewer who thought them up.
The Straight Key is the simplest and most iconic.It'srange of speed generally goes only into the low 20 wpm's, but more ifyou're fast. There's just a lever, a knob, some springs andsomecontacts. The sending method requires more arm than wristactionand may be quite fatiguing, but the sound produced by this key can bethe most personal.
The "Bug," otherwiseknown as a Semi-Automatic key is still a very popular option, goingback to the early 1900's and can still be purchased new today fromcompanies like Vibroplex with very little variation from early models.It's generally the most mechanically complex of most keyswith aside-actuated swing arm held in place by spring returns.Movingthe arm to the left causes a contact to be made which is exactly thesame as a straight key, but turned to the side. Dashes aremadewith that actuation and can be used to send code as a straight key ifdesired. Moving the arm in the rightward direction causes aweighted pendulum, comprising the back portion of the swing arm, tovibrate or oscillate against a spring-loaded contact point, whichproduced "automatically" repeating dots. Moving the pendulumweight or changing it will likewise change the oscillation speed of thedots. Sending speeds, by default, sit in the 30 wpm's andmanyhams can send into the 50's! However, many hams enjoy slowerbeginner speeds by adding weight. The sound of this key comesacross as having a potentially "light" weight with tell-tail dashes ofseemingly longer duration.
Keys can come in any size and material,from verynice table-top works of art, to micro-mini "trail-friendly" ones thatcan strap to your leg. There has even been a more recentsurge of3-D printed models and alternative sending implementationsincluding capacitive touch-sensitive, laser path blocking and fingermovement machine-learning image classification. Really, thekeyis down to the CW operator's imagination and wallet, and are even greatto collect and curate.
If your pockets aren't deep enough tospring for adecent key, as some of them can be really expensive, then considermaking your own. See below for instructions on making yourownSide-Swiper "Cootie" key. Before you do, check out one I madeinjust a few minutes out of a bunch of junk parts! [CLICK HERE]
K4ICY's CW Weekend Projects
If you're a CW enthusiastwith an itch to homebrew then have I got the works for you!
Let's start off by building your veryown "Cootie"key for $10... or even$0 if you have the parts! I invite you tomake it your own and to share your final build pics with me where I'llpost them on my tutorial page. [CLICKHERE]
Next,you'll need some practice. Build my ultra-simple CodePracticeOscillator with the pleasant sound and you won't be disappointed! [CLICK HERE]
Do you have a "boat anchor" (old radio)or maybe aQRP trail-friendly or homebrew rig without a built-in iambic keyer?My circuit has no Arduino to program and only uses 3 verybasiclogic IC. I even provideGerber files where you canorderyour own mint leaf-shaped PCB that even fits in an Altoid's mint tin.Many hams have built their own and all say it works great! [CLICKHERE]
It's not cheating if shenever finds out...[Oh, did that sound wrong?] With an inexpensiveArduinomicrocontroller board and a few parts (all available on Amazon,) youcan"cheat" and decode Morse code (CW) up to 70 wpm, both electronic keyedand hand-sent! My sketch uses my own custom algorithm on anyArduino Uno or Nano, along with an inexpensive 4 x 20 character LCDdisplay andLM567 tone decoder IC with associated discrete components.ALSO, it works great as a 'proofing'device to help you send better code, improving your 'fist'. [CLICK HERE]
Got an ancient CW rig withno selectivity? If you need a cleaner signal and desire theability to cherry-pick one CW op out of the rest then you may want totry out my 4-Stage CW Audio Filter! [CLICK HERE]
Check out some of my homebrew/kit radiobuilds andportable QRP (low-power) kit setups. There are many optionsforlow-power CW radios on the market that won't break the bank.What's stopping you?
Check out my build journal for myimplementation of the SW+40 QRP Rig. Built-In keyer, voltageindicator, Digital Dial, coverage for the entire 40 meter CW band plus0 - 12 watt input. [CLICKHERE] for so much more!
Have motorcycle, will QRP!Can you believe all of this fits inside of a small waterproofcontainer - which fits inside of a motorcycle pannier? Fun tobe had... POTA's, SOTA's and LOTA's, oh my! [CLICK HERE]
[More to come for sure... I would like to include more linksandresources on obtaining inexpensive low-power CW radio as well as kits.]
There are countless CW enthusiast outtherejust waiting to make contact with you! Here are a few clubstohelp you get the most out of this aspect of the hobby:
Straight Key Century Club - SKCC - https://www.skccgroup.com/
The Straight Key Century Club is themost activegroup of mechanical-key Morse code radiotelegraph operators in theworld. Founded in 2006, the SKCC has thousands of members around theglobe. Joining is FREE (open to licensed amateur radiooperatorsonly,) and the game is to make HF radio contacts using any of the threeearly original types of manual telegraph keys [as described above:] theStraight Key, the "Bug" and the "Cootie." With the SKCC, youcangain on-air experience in sending and receiving by swapping membernumbers with other members. You can enter club sponsoredsprints,contests and special events, rag chew, earn activity and achievementawards, and with membership, access thier online resources, newsletter,forums and chat.
NorthAmerican QRP CW Club - NAQCC - http://naqcc.info/
With no dues or membership fees, theNAQCC is opento any licensed radio amateur or shortwave listener (SWL) worldwidewith at least some interest in CW/QRP operation. Theyencouragethe use of CW and in helping all hams increase CW speed and proficiencyas the club's top priority. Club activities are dedicated to QRP/QRPpoperation [meaning to transmit at 5 watts maximum and below,] using CWand emphasizing the use of simple wire antennas.
Side SwiperNet - SSN - https://www.sideswipernet.org/
A group of CW operators using Morsecode who'veestablished several informal radio nets to promote the use of theSide-Swiper, or "cootie" key [described above.] Listen to the listednets and you'll find a nice sounding Morse code. All Side-Swiper usersare warmly invited to take part in our nets. At other times,Side-Swiper aficionados can be found on the recommended callingfrequencies.
Elmer's & Code Buddies
[I'll be adding more to thissection as timegoes on... So if you have a great resource on the subject to share, I'dbe willing to consider adding it here.]
Having help from other CW enthusiastwithin the hamradio hobby is an absolute must for success. I can't stressthisenough! It doesn't matter if the helper, either a mentorwithinthe hobby, generally known as an "Elmer," or another friend who is justas new or inexperienced as you may be. Getting on-airpractice isessential and having a forgiving 'fist' on the other side will help youget over the 'butterflies' of getting on for the first time, overcomingmistakes or just plain helping you increase your code speed.
The SKCCand NAQCCare there to gather like-minded CW enthusiasts on certain 'practice'frequencies and slow speeds are welcome. You should locateandask someone at your local ham radio club about any CW Practice Netsthat may be offered and if there isn't, consider spreading the word andsetting up a local informal net once a week on a quiet 10 meter or 2meter frequency. Encourage other hams new to CW to justlisten inif they wish, but at the least, invite them to just give their callsign. Have a live Zoom conference session while the net isgoingon so that quick questions and any possible issues can be addressed offthe air.
I spent a few years learningthe code using online tools and software, but it wasn't until one of mydearest of friends, now a "Silent Key," invited me to joint the localpractice net with him that I saw an increase in my proficiency.We would then spend an hour, and sometimes two each Wednesdaynight doing "GUD CODE BAD," and I soon found myself having rag-chews onthe HF CW ham bands.
If you can'tfind an "Elmer" in the local club, or even a "Code Buddy" to help youout, then consider offering your services as one of those over yourweekly emcomm net, monthly club meeting or through the local club'snewsletter. You've got nothing to lose from asking andabsolutelyNO ONE in this day and age will judge you for your lack of skill.We are living in the days of the "CW Renaissance," where itisNOT A REQUIREMENT to know CW to get your license... it hasn't been fornearly a decade and a half. Most of the "speed demons" whousedto crowd the airwaves have 'retired' (in one way or the other) and it'spretty much mostly us slow-code guys, but we're having fun and you canjoin in just because you wanted to rather than be compelled.
So, dive on in feet first,the waterfallis fine!
Know the Code - Keep Learning!Part of perfecting the CWaspect of theAmateur Radio hobby is continue your education. Read up onthevast history of radio and telegraphy, discover the secrets to increasedproficiency and broaden your horizons as you learn of other CWoperators on-air, out-of-doors adventures. Discover the worldof"Radio Sport" contesting, increase your technical skills and learn tobuild and experiment with your own homebrew equipment. Thesky'slimit is much farther than you know and you're invited to be the bestCW ham you can be!
Please take time to check out thefollowing superbbook offerings from a few great hams. A couple of them areyoursto download and read for absolutely FREE!
isa 120 page read that can be yours for the great price of absolutelyFREE!
[CLICK HERE for PDF Link via MediaFire]40 mb AdobePDF
Art Marshall, W1FJI, now Silent Key, was one of my great "Elmer's" aswell as my "code buddy" who spent countless hours over the yearschatting on the air with me. His favorite aspects of hamradiowere, of course, CW via QRP, especially operating from lighthouses(LOTA) around the country and he was also a PACKETenthusiast.For years, newsletter readers of the Tallahassee Amateur Radio Society(TARS) were treated to his wit, wisdom and easy-going outlook on thejoys of operating.
The title, Art’s favorite signature line says it all, when theweather’s great, just get out there and operate! When you do,just don’t forget the ones most important to you. He willsurelybe missed by the many family and radio friends that crossed hispath. All 40 of Art’s fantastic articles on topics such asQRPand our hobby’s prestigious history have been compiled into this wonderpublication for you to enjoy for free.
AGuide to Building an Amateur Radio Station
ByFrank W. Harris, K0IYE
[2019- Revision 15][CLICK HERE for PDF Link via MediaFire]14 mb AdobePDF
Frank,K0IYE, challenges YOU to be "The Complete Ham!"
This awe inspiring 748 page book chronicles his experiences as a radiohomebrewer through the last two decades and does well to educate thereader, not only on the fundamentals of electronics but time-testedtechniques for experimentation. He takes the reader step by stepthrough his progression of building a ham station FROM SCRATCH, sharingan intimate journey, of not only his building successes but of thelessons learned from his technical setbacks, detailing for you, thereader, each circuit; their construction and fundamentals ofoperation. Frank’s book has become an “icon within the ‘QRP’community”, a bibleof sorts to the art and practice of homebrewing.
First written in 2002, Frank has donated his book to the free enjoymentand use of the Amateur Radio community! Many sites carrycopiesof his publication, mostly in a per-chapter format and after [at leasttwo] decades of exploration he is now up to the 15th revision. The bookstarts off from the beginning of ham radio with a history lesson ondiscoveries wrought by our technical forefathers, then it builds fromthere and topics covered include everything under the ‘ham radio’ sunfrom; the fundamentals of electronics, basics of homebrewing, how toset up an electronics workshop, as well as detailed breakdowns ofnearly every step of a radio’s operation. Follow Frank from CW to AM,through SSB to FM and more as he works with every type of componentfrom vintage tubes to modern micro-controllers. Did I mention that thebook is a free download?
His building philosophy is simple: to really appreciate the intimateunderstanding of a homebrewed radio’s operation, it should not only beconstructed from the most basic parts such as transistors and otherdiscrete components, but its circuits should be sound in design andwhen built, should reflect good ‘Amateur Practice’; such as usingsimple and modular construction, and going out of your way to complywith FCC emission standards. At one point, to test his ham radiofortitude, he literally hewns galena ore from a rock to fabricate a‘crystal’ receiver! Frank coins the term “The Complete Ham” whichdescribes an Amateur operator whom sets out to not only be awell-rounded operator but strives to understand how his equipmentworks, as well as being better able to repair and enhance his or herown equipment.
Please visit Franks site forUPDATES and Per-Chapter PDF downloads...
AManual for Learning, Using, Mastering and Enjoying the InternationalMorse Code
as a Means of Communication
ByWilliam G. Pierpont, N0HFF
This book is well known as a definitiveauthorityon the history of Morse code and CW communications and is an in-depthprimer on advancing code speed and proficiency. Art &Skillalso gives a bit of background on various approaches to learning thecode. Even if you're new to CW it's worth the read!
This book is available to purchase fromvariousonline retailers. You can order a pretty nice paperbackversionfrom Hulu for around $16.Amazon and other sources sell copies as well, but expect topay up to $50.
[CLICK HERE] to order from Hulu.
This site will be updated periodically....
DE MIKE K4ICY, 73! (dit-dit)
| CWProsigns | |
| Prosigns | CW Meaning |
| BT | A Pause or Separator. |
| AR | End of Transmission. - when you are sending it back to the other station. Also used at theend when answering a CQ. |
| SK | End of Transmission. - when you are at the final end of a last transmission of a QSO. |
| K | Go Ahead... Over. Used when turning it over to another station. Used also after sendingCQ. NOT to be used after just answering a CQ because the other station hasnot verified contact with you. |
| KN | Go Ahead (SpecificStation). Same as K,but only a specific station and no one else can come back to you. |
| CL | Clear . Ending last QSO and turning off station. No one else to come back orreply. |
| R(often repeated) | Copied last transmissionokay - All information Readable. |
| InternationalCW Q-Signals | |
| Q - Signal | CW Meaning |
| QRA | Call Sign? |
| QRG | Exact Frequency? |
| QRH | Frequency Varies? |
| QRI | Signal Tone Quality? 1-3 |
| QRK | Signal Intelligibility?1-5 |
| QRL | Frequency Busy? |
| QRM | Signal Interference? |
| QRN | StaticInterference? |
| QRO | More Power? |
| QRP | Less Power? |
| QRQ | Send Faster? |
| QRS | Send Slower? |
| QRT | Stop Transmitting? |
| QRU | Any Messages? |
| QRV | Ready? |
| QRW | Tell (Call Sign) You'reCalling? |
| QRX | Standby -When? |
| QRZ | Invite - Who's Calling? |
| QSA | Signal Strength? |
| QSB | SignalFading? |
| QSD | DefectiveKeying? |
| QSG | Send # of Messages? |
| QSK | Break In? |
| QSL | Confirmation Receipt? |
| QSM | Repeat LastMessage? |
| QSO | Contact Between Stations? |
| QSP | RelayMessage To? |
| QST | ~GeneralCall~ |
| QSV | Send A Series of "V"'s? |
| QSW | ShallTransmit On (Time)? |
| QSX | Listen onFrequency (x)? |
| QSY | Change Frequency? |
| QSZ | Send EachWord/Group More? |
| QTH | Location? |
| QTR | CorrectTime? |
| QTX | KeepStation Open For Me? |
Q-signalsare three letter combinations used torepresent common phrases or sentences for CW operation. They may beused as a question with a question mark (?) or statement without thequestion mark. For example, "QRZ?" is used to ask for the callingstation(s) to identify again. "Please (pse) QRS" is used as a requestto send the code at a slower speed. "The QTH is" is used to indicatethis station's location.
Although originally used for CW, many Q-signalshave become acceptable for phone operation.
Other Non-Q Abbreviations:
73- Best Regards
88 - Love& Kisses
YL - YoungLady,Unmarried and any Female Ham Operator
XYL - Ex-YoungLady, A Ham's Wife
OM - OldMan, AnyMale Ham Operator
GE -GoodEvening
TKS -Thanks
TU -ThankYou
CUL-See You Later
ES -And(&)
ANT -Antenna
RIG - RadioBK - Backto You
MorseCode /
CW Articles of Interest
MUSTREADS!
WrittenbyK4ICY and others for
ThePrinted Circuit - Newsletter of
the Tallahassee Amateur Radio Society
AmericanMorseEquipment
March 2014 - Page 10
WB9LPU’sAmazing Custom Keys
January2014 - Page 17
PaddlesWithMagnetism
August 2013 - Page 11
Anatomyof a Bug
December 2013 - Page 18
CodePractice –LCWO.net
August 2012 - Page 7
TheStraight KeyCentury Club (SKCC)
August 2013 - Page 9
GREAT READS!
Updated06/16/20
(c)2020Copyright - Michael A. Maynard, a.k.a. K4ICY
